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Osamu Shimomura
is a Japanese〔(The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008 )〕〔(「やり始めたら、やめたらダメよ」下村さん、子たちへ )(Asahi Shimbun) Shimomura said "I'm Japanese. I don't think I need to be an American." (Although he is affiliated with American universities.) (Google translate )〕 organic chemist and marine biologist, and Professor Emeritus at Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) in Woods Hole, Massachusetts and Boston University School of Medicine. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2008 for the discovery and development of green fluorescent protein (GFP) with two American scientists: Martin Chalfie of Columbia University and Roger Tsien of the University of California-San Diego.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2008/press.html )〕
== Biography ==
Born in Fukuchiyama, Kyoto in 1928, Shimomura was brought up in Manchukuo (Manchuria, China) and Osaka, Japan while his father served as an officer in the Imperial Japanese Army. Later, his family moved to Isahaya, Nagasaki,〔(Aglow in the Dark: The Revolutionary Science of Biofluorescence )〕 15 miles from the epicenter of the August 1945 atomic bombing of the city. He recalls hearing, as a 16-year-old boy, the bomber plane before the atom bomb exploded.〔Nobelprize.org: ( Nobel laureate lecture. ) December 8, 2008.〕 The explosion flash blinded Shimomura for about thirty seconds, and he was later drenched by the "black rain" bomb fallout.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2008/shimomura-telephone.html )〕 He overcame great odds in the following 11 years to earn an education and achieve academic success.〔
Shimomura's education opportunities were starkly limited in devastated, post-war Japan. Although he later recalled having no interest in the subject,〔 he enrolled in the College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Nagasaki Medical College (now Nagasaki University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences).〔(Woods Hole cell biologist wins Nobel Prize )〕 The Medical College campus had been entirely destroyed by the atomic bomb blast, forcing the pharmacy school to relocate to a temporary campus near Shimomura's home. This proximity was the fortuitous reason he embarked upon the studies and career which would ultimately lead to unanticipated rewards.〔 Shimomura was awarded a BS degree in pharmacy in 1951, and he stayed on as a lab assistant through 1955.〔
Shimomura's mentor at Nagasaki helped him find employment as an assistant to Professor Yoshimasa Hirata at Nagoya University in 1956.〔 While working for Professor Hirata, he received a MS degree in organic chemistry in 1958 and, before leaving Japan for an appointment at Princeton University, a Ph.D. in organic chemistry in 1960 at Nagoya University.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://www.nagoya-u.ac.jp/en/index1_081008nobel.html ) 〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://www2.chem.nagoya-u.ac.jp/%7Ecommon/005Overview/nobel2008.phtml )〕 At Nagoya, Hirata assigned Shimomura the challenging task of determining what made the crushed remains of a type of crustacean (Jp. ''umi-hotaru'', lit. "sea-firefly", ''Vargula hilgendorfii'') glow when moistened with water. This assignment led Shimomura to the successful identification of the protein causing the phenomenon, and he published the preliminary findings in the ''Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan'' in a paper titled "Crystalline Cypridina luciferin." The article caught the attention of Professor Frank Johnson at Princeton University, and Johnson successfully recruited Shimomura to work with him in 1960.
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